Convention Text

PREAMBLE
THE CONTRACTING PARTIES,
RECOGNISING that the marine environment and the fauna and flora which it supports are of vital
importance to all nations;
RECOGNISING the inherent worth of the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic and the necessity
for providing coordinated protection for it;
RECOGNISING that concerted action at national, regional and global levels is essential to prevent and
eliminate marine pollution and to achieve sustainable management of the maritime area, that is, the
management of human activities in such a manner that the marine ecosystem will continue to sustain the
legitimate uses of the sea and will continue to meet the needs of present and future generations;
MINDFUL that the ecological equilibrium and the legitimate uses of the sea are threatened by pollution;
CONSIDERING the recommendations of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, held
in Stockholm in June 1972;
CONSIDERING also the results of the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development
held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992;
RECALLING the relevant provisions of customary international law reflected in Part XII of the United
Nations Law of the Sea Convention and, in particular, Article 197 on global and regional cooperation for the
protection and preservation of the marine environment;
CONSIDERING that the common interests of States concerned with the same marine area should induce
them to cooperate at regional or sub-regional levels;
RECALLING the positive results obtained within the context of the Convention for the prevention of
marine pollution by dumping from ships and aircraft signed in Oslo on 15th February 1972, as amended by
the protocols of 2nd March 1983 and 5th December 1989, and the Convention for the prevention of marine
pollution from land-based sources signed in Paris on 4th June 1974, as amended by the protocol of
26th March 1986;
CONVINCED that further international action to prevent and eliminate pollution of the sea should be taken
without delay, as part of progressive and coherent measures to protect the marine environment;
RECOGNISING that it may be desirable to adopt, on the regional level, more stringent measures with
respect to the prevention and elimination of pollution of the marine environment or with respect to the
protection of the marine environment against the adverse effects of human activities than are provided for in
international conventions or agreements with a global scope;
RECOGNISING that questions relating to the management of fisheries are appropriately regulated under
international and regional agreements dealing specifically with such questions;
CONSIDERING that the present Oslo and Paris Conventions do not adequately control some of the many
sources of pollution, and that it is therefore justifiable to replace them with the present Convention, which
addresses all sources of pollution of the marine environment and the adverse effects of human activities upon
it, takes into account the precautionary principle and strengthens regional cooperation;
HAVE AGREED as follows:

For the purposes of the Convention:
(a) "Maritime area" means the internal waters and the territorial seas of the Contracting Parties, the
sea beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea under the jurisdiction of the coastal state to the
extent recognised by international law, and the high seas, including the bed of all those waters
and its sub-soil, situated within the following limits:
(i) those parts of the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and their dependent seas which lie north of
36° north latitude and between 42° west longitude and 51° east longitude, but excluding:
(1) the Baltic Sea and the Belts lying to the south and east of lines drawn from
Hasenore Head to Gniben Point, from Korshage to Spodsbjerg and from Gilbjerg
Head to Kullen,
(2) the Mediterranean Sea and its dependent seas as far as the point of intersection of
the parallel of 36° north latitude and the meridian of 5° 36' west longitude;
(ii) that part of the Atlantic Ocean north of 59° north latitude and between 44° west longitude
and 42° west longitude.
(b) "Internal waters" means the waters on the landward side of the baselines from which the breadth
of the territorial sea is measured, extending in the case of watercourses up to the freshwater
limit.
(c) "Freshwater limit" means the place in a watercourse where, at low tide and in a period of low
freshwater flow, there is an appreciable increase in salinity due to the presence of seawater.
(d) "Pollution" means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into
the maritime area which results, or is likely to result, in hazards to human health, harm to living
resources and marine ecosystems, damage to amenities or interference with other legitimate uses
of the sea.
(e) "Land-based sources" means point and diffuse sources on land from which substances or energy
reach the maritime area by water, through the air, or directly from the coast. It includes sources
associated with any deliberate disposal under the sea-bed made accessible from land by tunnel,
pipeline or other means and sources associated with man-made structures placed, in the
maritime area under the jurisdiction of a Contracting Party, other than for the purpose of
offshore activities.
(f) "Dumping" means
(i) any deliberate disposal in the maritime area of wastes or other matter
(1) from vessels or aircraft;
(2) from offshore installations;
(ii) any deliberate disposal in the maritime area of
(1) vessels or aircraft;
(2) offshore installations and offshore pipelines.

(g) "Dumping" does not include:
(i) the disposal in accordance with the International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, or other
applicable international law, of wastes or other matter incidental to, or derived from, the
normal operations of vessels or aircraft or offshore installations other than wastes or other
matter transported by or to vessels or aircraft or offshore installations for the purpose of
disposal of such wastes or other matter or derived from the treatment of such wastes or
other matter on such vessels or aircraft or offshore installations;
(ii) placement of matter for a purpose other than the mere disposal thereof, provided that, if
the placement is for a purpose other than that for which the matter was originally
designed or constructed, it is in accordance with the relevant provisions of the
Convention; and
(iii) for the purposes of Annex III, the leaving wholly or partly in place of a disused offshore
installation or disused offshore pipeline, provided that any such operation takes place in
accordance with any relevant provision of the Convention and with other relevant
international law.
(h) "Incineration" means any deliberate combustion of wastes or other matter in the maritime area
for the purpose of their thermal destruction.
(i) "Incineration" does not include the thermal destruction of wastes or other matter in accordance
with applicable international law incidental to, or derived from the normal operation of vessels
or aircraft, or offshore installations other than the thermal destruction of wastes or other matter
on vessels or aircraft or offshore installations operating for the purpose of such thermal
destruction.
(j) "Offshore activities" means activities carried out in the maritime area for the purposes of the
exploration, appraisal or exploitation of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons.
(k) "Offshore sources" means offshore installations and offshore pipelines from which substances
or energy reach the maritime area.
(l) "Offshore installation" means any man-made structure, plant or vessel or parts thereof, whether
floating or fixed to the seabed, placed within the maritime area for the purpose of offshore
activities.
(m) "Offshore pipeline" means any pipeline which has been placed in the maritime area for the
purpose of offshore activities.
(n) "Vessels or aircraft" means waterborne or airborne craft of any type whatsoever, their parts and
other fittings. This expression includes air-cushion craft, floating craft whether self-propelled or
not, and other man-made structures in the maritime area and their equipment, but excludes
offshore installations and offshore pipelines.
(o) "Wastes or other matter" does not include:
(i) human remains;
(ii) offshore installations;
(iii) offshore pipelines;
(iv) unprocessed fish and fish offal discarded from fishing vessels.
(p) "Convention" means, unless the text otherwise indicates, the Convention for the Protection of
the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, its Annexes and Appendices.
(q) "Oslo Convention" means the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping
from Ships and Aircraft signed in Oslo on 15th February 1972, as amended by the protocols of
2nd March 1983 and 5th December 1989.
(r) "Paris Convention" means the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Landbased
Sources, signed in Paris on 4th June 1974, as amended by the protocol of 26th March
1986.

(s) "Regional economic integration organisation" means an organisation constituted by sovereign
States of a given region which has competence in respect of matters governed by the
Convention and has been duly authorised, in accordance with its internal procedures, to sign,
ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Convention.

1. (a) The Contracting Parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, take all
possible steps to prevent and eliminate pollution and shall take the necessary measures to
protect the maritime area against the adverse effects of human activities so as to safeguard
human health and to conserve marine ecosystems and, when practicable, restore marine areas
which have been adversely affected.
(b) To this end Contracting Parties shall, individually and jointly, adopt programmes and measures
and shall harmonise their policies and strategies.
2. The Contracting Parties shall apply:
(a) the precautionary principle, by virtue of which preventive measures are to be taken when there
are reasonable grounds for concern that substances or energy introduced, directly or indirectly,
into the marine environment may bring about hazards to human health, harm living resources
and marine ecosystems, damage amenities or interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea, even
when there is no conclusive evidence of a causal relationship between the inputs and the effects;
(b) the polluter pays principle, by virtue of which the costs of pollution prevention, control and
reduction measures are to be borne by the polluter.
3. (a) In implementing the Convention, Contracting Parties shall adopt programmes and measures
which contain, where appropriate, time-limits for their completion and which take full account
of the use of the latest technological developments and practices designed to prevent and
eliminate pollution fully.
(b) To this end they shall:
(i) taking into account the criteria set forth in Appendix 1, define with respect to
programmes and measures the application of, inter alia,
- best available techniques
- best environmental practice
including, where appropriate, clean technology;
(ii) in carrying out such programmes and measures, ensure the application of best available
techniques and best environmental practice as so defined, including, where appropriate,
clean technology.
4. The Contracting Parties shall apply the measures they adopt in such a way as to prevent an increase in
pollution of the sea outside the maritime area or in other parts of the environment.
5. No provision of the Convention shall be interpreted as preventing the Contracting Parties from taking,
individually or jointly, more stringent measures with respect to the prevention and elimination of pollution of the maritime area or with respect to the protection of the maritime area against the adverse effects of human activities.

The Contracting Parties shall take, individually and jointly, all possible steps to prevent and eliminate
pollution from land-based sources in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, in particular as
provided for in Annex I.

The Contracting Parties shall take, individually and jointly, all possible steps to prevent and eliminate pollution by dumping or incineration of wastes or other matter in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, in particular as provided for in Annex II.

The Contracting Parties shall take, individually and jointly, all possible steps to prevent and eliminate pollution from offshore sources in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, in particular as provided for in Annex III.

The Contracting Parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, in particular as provided for in Annex IV:
(a) undertake and publish at regular intervals joint assessments of the quality status of the marine environment and of its development, for the maritime area or for regions or sub-regions thereof;
(b) include in such assessments both an evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures taken and planned for the protection of the marine environment and the identification of priorities for action.

The Contracting Parties shall cooperate with a view to adopting Annexes, in addition to the Annexes mentioned in Articles 3, 4, 5 and 6 above, prescribing measures, procedures and standards to protect the maritime area against pollution from other sources, to the extent that such pollution is not already the subject of effective measures agreed by other international organisations or prescribed by other international conventions.

1. To further the aims of the Convention, the Contracting Parties shall establish complementary or joint programmes of scientific or technical research and, in accordance with a standard procedure, to transmit to the Commission:
(a) the results of such complementary, joint or other relevant research;
(b) details of other relevant programmes of scientific and technical research.
2. In so doing, the Contracting Parties shall have regard to the work carried out, in these fields, by the appropriate international organisations and agencies.

1. The Contracting Parties shall ensure that their competent authorities are required to make available the information described in paragraph 2 of this Article to any natural or legal person, in response to any reasonable request, without that person's having to prove an interest, without unreasonable charges, as soon as possible and at the latest within two months.
2. The information referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article is any available information in written, visual, aural or data-base form on the state of the maritime area, on activities or measures adversely affecting or likely to affect it and on activities or measures introduced in accordance with the Convention.
3. The provisions of this Article shall not affect the right of Contracting Parties, in accordance with their national legal systems and applicable international regulations, to provide for a request for such information to be refused where it affects:
(a) the confidentiality of the proceedings of public authorities, international relations and national
defence;
(b) public security;
(c) matters which are, or have been, sub judice, or under enquiry (including disciplinary enquiries),
or which are the subject of preliminary investigation proceedings;
(d) commercial and industrial confidentiality, including intellectual property;
(e) the confidentiality of personal data and/or files;
(f) material supplied by a third party without that party being under a legal obligation to do so;
(g) material, the disclosure of which would make it more likely that the environment to which such
material related would be damaged.
4. The reasons for a refusal to provide the information requested must be given.

1. A Commission, made up of representatives of each of the Contracting Parties, is hereby established.
The Commission shall meet at regular intervals and at any time when, due to special circumstances, it is so decided in accordance with the Rules of Procedure.
2. It shall be the duty of the Commission:
(a) to supervise the implementation of the Convention;
(b) generally to review the condition of the maritime area, the effectiveness of the measures being adopted, the priorities and the need for any additional or different measures;

(c) to draw up, in accordance with the General Obligations of the Convention, programmes and measures for the prevention and elimination of pollution and for the control of activities which may, directly or indirectly, adversely affect the maritime area; such programmes and measure may, when appropriate, include economic instruments;
(d) to establish at regular intervals its programme of work;
(e) to set up such subsidiary bodies as it considers necessary and to define their terms of reference;
(f) to consider and, where appropriate, adopt proposals for the amendment of the Convention in
accordance with Articles 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 27;
(g) to discharge the functions conferred by Articles 21 and 23 and such other functions as may be appropriate under the terms of the Convention;
3. To these ends the Commission may, inter alia, adopt decisions and recommendations in accordance with Article 13.
4. The Commission shall draw up its Rules of Procedure which shall be adopted by unanimous vote of the Contracting Parties.
5. The Commission shall draw up its Financial Regulations which shall be adopted by unanimous vote of the Contracting Parties.

1. The Commission may, by unanimous vote of the Contracting Parties, decide to admit as an observer:
(a) any State which is not a Contracting Party to the Convention;
(b) any international governmental or any non-governmental organisation the activities of which are related to the Convention.
2. Such observers may participate in meetings of the Commission but without the right to vote and may present to the Commission any information or reports relevant to the objectives of the Convention.
3. The conditions for the admission and the participation of observers shall be set in the Rules of Procedure of the Commission.

1. A permanent Secretariat is hereby established.
2. The Commission shall appoint an Executive Secretary and determine the duties of that post and the terms and conditions upon which it is to be held.
3. The Executive Secretary shall perform the functions that are necessary for the administration of the Convention and for the work of the Commission as well as the other tasks entrusted to the Executive Secretary by the Commission in accordance with its Rules of Procedure and its Financial Regulations.

1. Decisions and recommendations shall be adopted by unanimous vote of the Contracting Parties. Should unanimity not be attainable, and unless otherwise provided in the Convention, the Commission may nonetheless adopt decisions or recommendations by a three-quarters majority vote of the Contracting Parties.

2. A decision shall be binding on the expiry of a period of two hundred days after its adoption for those Contracting Parties that voted for it and have not within that period notified the Executive Secretary in writing that they are unable to accept the decision, provided that at the expiry of that period three-quarters of the Contracting Parties have either voted for the decision and not withdrawn their acceptance or notified the Executive Secretary in writing that they are able to accept the decision. Such a decision shall become binding on any other Contracting Party which has notified the Executive Secretary in writing that it is able to accept the decision from the moment of that notification or after the expiry of a period of two hundred days after the adoption of the decision, whichever is later.
3. A notification under paragraph 2 of this Article to the Executive Secretary may indicate that a Contracting Party is unable to accept a decision insofar as it relates to one or more of its dependent or autonomous territories to which the Convention applies.
4. All decisions adopted by the Commission shall, where appropriate, contain provisions specifying the timetable by which the decision shall be implemented.
5. Recommendations shall have no binding force.
6. Decisions concerning any Annex or Appendix shall be taken only by the Contracting Parties bound by the Annex or Appendix concerned.

1. The Annexes and Appendices form an integral part of the Convention.
2. The Appendices shall be of a scientific, technical or administrative nature.

1. Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 27 and to specific provisions applicable to the adoption or amendment of Annexes or Appendices, an amendment to the Convention shall be governed by the present Article.
2. Any Contracting Party may propose an amendment to the Convention. The text of the proposed amendment shall be communicated to the Contracting Parties by the Executive Secretary of the Commission at least six months before the meeting of the Commission at which it is proposed for adoption. The Executive Secretary shall also communicate the proposed amendment to the signatories to the Convention for information.
3. The Commission shall adopt the amendment by unanimous vote of the Contracting Parties.
4. The adopted amendment shall be submitted by the Depositary Government to the Contracting Parties for ratification, acceptance or approval. Ratification, acceptance or approval of the amendment shall be notified to the Depositary Government in writing.
5. The amendment shall enter into force for those Contracting Parties which have ratified, accepted or approved it on the thirtieth day after receipt by the Depositary Government of notification of its ratification, acceptance or approval by at least seven Contracting Parties. Thereafter the amendment shall enter into force for any other Contracting Party on the thirtieth day after that Contracting Party has deposited its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the amendment.

The provisions of Article 15 relating to the amendment of the Convention shall also apply to the proposal, adoption and entry into force of an Annex to the Convention, except that the Commission shall adopt any Annex referred to in Article 7 by a three-quarters majority vote of the Contracting Parties.

1. The provisions of Article 15 relating to the amendment of the Convention shall also apply to an amendment to an Annex to the Convention, except that the Commission shall adopt amendments to any Annex referred to in Articles 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 by a three-quarters majority vote of the Contracting Parties bound by that Annex.
2. If the amendment of an Annex is related to an amendment to the Convention, the amendment of the Annex shall be governed by the same provisions as apply to the amendment to the Convention.

1. If a proposed Appendix is related to an amendment to the Convention or an Annex, proposed for adoption in accordance with Article 15 or Article 17, the proposal, adoption and entry into force of that Appendix shall be governed by the same provisions as apply to the proposal, adoption and entry into force of that amendment.
2. If a proposed Appendix is related to an Annex to the Convention, proposed for adoption in accordance with Article 16, the proposal, adoption and entry into force of that Appendix shall be governed by the same provisions as apply to the proposal, adoption and entry into force of that Annex.

1. Any Contracting Party bound by an Appendix may propose an amendment to that Appendix. The text of the proposed amendment shall be communicated to all Contracting Parties to the Convention by the Executive Secretary of the Commission as provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 15.
2. The Commission shall adopt the amendment to an Appendix by a three-quarters majority vote of the
Contracting Parties bound by that Appendix.
3. An amendment to an Appendix shall enter into force on the expiry of a period of two hundred days
after its adoption for those Contracting Parties which are bound by that Appendix and have not within that
period notified the Depositary Government in writing that they are unable to accept that amendment,
provided that at the expiry of that period three-quarters of the Contracting Parties bound by that Appendix
have either voted for the amendment and not withdrawn their acceptance or have notified the Depositary
Government in writing that they are able to accept the amendment.
4. A notification under paragraph 3 of this Article to the Depositary Government may indicate that a
Contracting Party is unable to accept the amendment insofar as it relates to one or more of its dependent or
autonomous territories to which the Convention applies.
5. An amendment to an Appendix shall become binding on any other Contracting Party bound by the
Appendix which has notified the Depositary Government in writing that it is able to accept the amendment from the moment of that notification or after the expiry of a period of two hundred days after the adoption of
the amendment, whichever is later.
6. The Depositary Government shall without delay notify all Contracting Parties of any such notification
received.
7. If the amendment of an Appendix is related to an amendment to the Convention or an Annex, the
amendment of the Appendix shall be governed by the same provisions as apply to the amendment to the
Convention or that Annex.

1. Each Contracting Party shall have one vote in the Commission.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article, the European Economic Community
and other regional economic integration organisations, within the areas of their competence, are entitled to a number of votes equal to the number of their Member States which are Contracting Parties to the
Convention. Those organisations shall not exercise their right to vote in cases where their Member States
exercise theirs and conversely.

1. When pollution originating from a Contracting Party is likely to prejudice the interests of one or more
of the other Contracting Parties to the Convention, the Contracting Parties concerned shall enter into
consultation, at the request of any one of them, with a view to negotiating a cooperation agreement.
2. At the request of any Contracting Party concerned, the Commission shall consider the question and
may make recommendations with a view to reaching a satisfactory solution.
3. An agreement referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article may, inter alia, define the areas to which it
shall apply, the quality objectives to be achieved and the methods for achieving these objectives, including
methods for the application of appropriate standards and the scientific and technical information to be
collected.
4. The Contracting Parties signatory to such an agreement shall, through the medium of the Commission,
inform the other Contracting Parties of its purport and of the progress made in putting it into effect.

The Contracting Parties shall report to the Commission at regular intervals on:
(a) the legal, regulatory, or other measures taken by them for the implementation of the provisions
of the Convention and of decisions and recommendations adopted thereunder, including in
particular measures taken to prevent and punish conduct in contravention of those provisions;
(b) the effectiveness of the measures referred to in subparagraph (a) of this Article;
(c) problems encountered in the implementation of the provisions referred to in subparagraph (a) of
this Article.

The Commission shall:
(a) on the basis of the periodical reports referred to in Article 22 and any other report submitted by
the Contracting Parties, assess their compliance with the Convention and the decisions and
recommendations adopted thereunder;
(b) when appropriate, decide upon and call for steps to bring about full compliance with the
Convention, and decisions adopted thereunder, and promote the implementation of
recommendations, including measures to assist a Contracting Party to carry out its obligations.

The Commission may decide that any decision or recommendation adopted by it shall apply to all, or a
specified part, of the maritime area and may provide for different timetables to be applied, having regard to
the differences between ecological and economic conditions in the various regions and sub-regions covered
by the Convention.

The Convention shall be open for signature at Paris from 22nd September 1992 to 30th June 1993 by:
(a) the Contracting Parties to the Oslo Convention or the Paris Convention;
(b) any other coastal State bordering the maritime area;
(c) any State located upstream on watercourses reaching the maritime area;
(d) any regional economic integration organisation having as a member at least one State to which
any of the subparagraphs (a) to (c) of this Article applies.

The Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. The instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Government of the French Republic.

1. After 30th June 1993, the Convention shall be open for accession by the States and regional economic
integration organisations referred to in Article 25.
2. The Contracting Parties may unanimously invite States or regional economic integration organisations
not referred to in Article 25 to accede to the Convention. In the case of such an accession, the definition of
the maritime area shall, if necessary, be amended by a decision of the Commission adopted by unanimous
vote of the Contracting Parties. Any such amendment shall enter into force after unanimous approval of all the Contracting Parties on the thirtieth day after the receipt of the last notification by the Depositary
Government.
3. Any such accession shall relate to the Convention including any Annex and any Appendix that have
been adopted at the date of such accession, except when the instrument of accession contains an express
declaration of non-acceptance of one or several Annexes other than Annexes I, II, III and IV.
4. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Government of the French Republic.

No reservation to the Convention may be made.

1. The Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date on which all Contracting
Parties to the Oslo Convention and all Contracting Parties to the Paris Convention have deposited their
instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
2. For any State or regional economic integration organisation not referred to in paragraph 1 of this
Article, the Convention shall enter into force in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article, or on the
thirtieth day following the date of the deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or
accession by that State or regional economic integration organisations, whichever is later.

1. At any time after the expiry of two years from the date of entry into force of the Convention for a
Contracting Party, that Contracting Party may withdraw from the Convention by notification in writing to the
Depositary Government.
2. Except as may be otherwise provided in an Annex other than Annexes I to IV to the Convention, any
Contracting Party may at any time after the expiry of two years from the date of entry into force of such
Annex for that Contracting Party withdraw from such Annex by notification in writing to the Depositary
Government.
3. Any withdrawal referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall take effect one year after the
date on which the notification of that withdrawal is received by the Depositary Government.

1. Upon its entry into force, the Convention shall replace the Oslo and Paris Conventions as between the
Contracting Parties.
2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of this Article, decisions, recommendations and all other agreements
adopted under the Oslo Convention or the Paris Convention shall continue to be applicable, unaltered in their
legal nature, to the extent that they are compatible with, or not explicitly terminated by, the Convention, any
decisions or, in the case of existing recommendations, any recommendations adopted thereunder.

1. Any disputes between Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of the
Convention, which cannot be settled otherwise by the Contracting Parties concerned, for instance by means
of inquiry or conciliation within the Commission, shall at the request of any of those Contracting Parties, be
submitted to arbitration under the conditions laid down in this Article.
2. Unless the parties to the dispute decide otherwise, the procedure of the arbitration referred to in
paragraph 1 of this Article shall be in accordance with paragraphs 3 to 10 of this Article.
3. (a) At the request addressed by one Contracting Party to another Contracting Party in accordance
with paragraph 1 of this Article, an arbitral tribunal shall be constituted. The request for
arbitration shall state the subject matter of the application including in particular the Articles of
the Convention, the interpretation or application of which is in dispute.
(b) The applicant party shall inform the Commission that it has requested the setting up of an
arbitral tribunal, stating the name of the other party to the dispute and the Articles of the
Convention the interpretation or application of which, in its opinion, is in dispute. The
Commission shall forward the information thus received to all Contracting Parties to the
Convention.
4. The arbitral tribunal shall consist of three members: each of the parties to the dispute shall appoint an
arbitrator; the two arbitrators so appointed shall designate by common agreement the third arbitrator who
shall be the chairman of the tribunal. The latter shall not be a national of one of the parties to the dispute, nor
have his usual place of residence in the territory of one of these parties, nor be employed by any of them, nor
have dealt with the case in any other capacity.
5. (a) If the chairman of the arbitral tribunal has not been designated within two months of the
appointment of the second arbitrator, the President of the International Court of Justice shall, at
the request of either party, designate him within a further two months' period.
(b) If one of the parties to the dispute does not appoint an arbitrator within two months of receipt of
the request, the other party may inform the President of the International Court of Justice who
shall designate the chairman of the arbitral tribunal within a further two months' period. Upon
designation, the chairman of the arbitral tribunal shall request the party which has not appointed
an arbitrator to do so within two months. After such period, he shall inform the President of the
International Court of Justice who shall make this appointment within a further two months'
period.
6. (a) The arbitral tribunal shall decide according to the rules of international law and, in particular,
those of the Convention.
(b) Any arbitral tribunal constituted under the provisions of this Article shall draw up its own rules
of procedure.
(c) In the event of a dispute as to whether the arbitral tribunal has jurisdiction, the matter shall be
decided by the decision of the arbitral tribunal.
7. (a) The decisions of the arbitral tribunal, both on procedure and on substance, shall be taken by
majority voting of its members.
(b) The arbitral tribunal may take all appropriate measures in order to establish the facts. It may, at
the request of one of the parties, recommend essential interim measures of protection.
(c) If two or more arbitral tribunals constituted under the provisions of this Article are seized of
requests with identical or similar subjects, they may inform themselves of the procedures for
establishing the facts and take them into account as far as possible.
(d) The parties to the dispute shall provide all facilities necessary for the effective conduct of the
proceedings.
(e) The absence or default of a party to the dispute shall not constitute an impediment to the
proceedings.

8. Unless the arbitral tribunal determines otherwise because of the particular circumstances of the case,
the expenses of the tribunal, including the remuneration of its members, shall be borne by the parties to the
dispute in equal shares. The tribunal shall keep a record of all its expenses, and shall furnish a final statement
thereof to the parties.
9. Any Contracting Party that has an interest of a legal nature in the subject matter of the dispute which
may be affected by the decision in the case, may intervene in the proceedings with the consent of the
tribunal.
10. (a) The award of the arbitral tribunal shall be accompanied by a statement of reasons. It shall be
final and binding upon the parties to the dispute.
(b) Any dispute which may arise between the parties concerning the interpretation or execution of
the award may be submitted by either party to the arbitral tribunal which made the award or, if
the latter cannot be seized thereof, to another arbitral tribunal constituted for this purpose in the
same manner as the first.

The Depositary Government shall inform the Contracting Parties and the signatories to the Convention:
(a) of the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, of declarations
of non-acceptance and of notifications of withdrawal in accordance with Articles 26, 27 and 30;
(b) of the date on which the Convention comes into force in accordance with Article 29;
(c) of the receipt of notifications of acceptance, of the deposit of instruments of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession and of the entry into force of amendments to the Convention
and of the adoption and amendment of Annexes or Appendices, in accordance with Articles 15,
16, 17, 18 and 19.

The original of the Convention, of which the French and English texts shall be equally authentic, shall be
deposited with the Government of the French Republic which shall send certified copies thereof to the
Contracting Parties and the signatories to the Convention and shall deposit a certified copy with the
Secretary General of the United Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of
the United Nations Charter.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorised by their respective Governments,
have signed this Convention.
DONE at Paris, on the twenty-second day of September 1992

ARTICLE 1
1. When adopting programmes and measures for the purpose of this Annex, the Contracting Parties shall
require, either individually or jointly, the use of
- best available techniques for point sources
- best environmental practice for point and diffuse sources
including, where appropriate, clean technology.
2. When setting priorities and in assessing the nature and extent of the programmes and measures and
their time scales, the Contracting Parties shall use the criteria given in Appendix 2.
3. The Contracting Parties shall take preventive measures to minimise the risk of pollution caused by
accidents.
4. When adopting programmes and measures in relation to radioactive substances, including waste, the
Contracting Parties shall also take account of:
(a) the recommendations of the other appropriate international organisations and agencies;
(b) the monitoring procedures recommended by these international organisations and agencies.
ARTICLE 2
1. Point source discharges to the maritime area, and releases into water or air which reach and may affect
the maritime area, shall be strictly subject to authorisation or regulation by the competent authorities of the
Contracting Parties. Such authorisation or regulation shall, in particular, implement relevant decisions of the
Commission which bind the relevant Contracting Party.
2. The Contracting Parties shall provide for a system of regular monitoring and inspection by their
competent authorities to assess compliance with authorisations and regulations of releases into water or air.
ARTICLE 3
For the purposes of this Annex, it shall, inter alia, be the duty of the Commission to draw up:
(a) plans for the reduction and phasing out of substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to
bioaccumulate arising from land-based sources;
(b) when appropriate, programmes and measures for the reduction of inputs of nutrients from urban,
municipal, industrial, agricultural and other sources.

ARTICLE 1
This Annex shall not apply to any deliberate disposal in the maritime area of:
(a) wastes or other matter from offshore installations;
(b) offshore installations and offshore pipelines.
ARTICLE 2
Incineration is prohibited.
ARTICLE 3
1. The dumping of all wastes or other matter is prohibited, except for those wastes or other matter listed
in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article.
2. The list referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article is as follows:
(a) dredged material;
(b) inert materials of natural origin, that is solid, chemically unprocessed geological material the
chemical constituents of which are unlikely to be released into the marine environment;
(c) sewage sludge until 31st December 1998;
(d) fish waste from industrial fish processing operations;
(e) vessels or aircraft until, at the latest, 31st December 2004;
²(f) carbon dioxide streams from carbon dioxide capture processes for storage, provided:
i. disposal is into a sub-soil geological formation;
ii. the streams consist overwhelmingly of carbon dioxide. They may contain incidental
associated substances derived from the source material and the capture, transport and
storage processes used;
iii. no wastes or other matter are added for the purpose of disposing of those wastes or other
matter;
iv. they are intended to be retained in these formations permanently and will not lead to
significant adverse consequences for the marine environment, human health and other
legitimate uses of the maritime area.
3. (a) The dumping of low and intermediate level radioactive substances, including wastes, is
prohibited.
³ (b) As an exception to subparagraph 3(a) of this Article, those Contracting Parties, the United
Kingdom and France, who wish to retain the option of an exception to subparagraph 3(a) in any
case not before the expiry of a period of 15 years from 1st January 1993, shall report to the
meeting of the Commission at Ministerial level in 1997 on the steps taken to explore alternative
land-based options.

(c) Unless, at or before the expiry of this period of 15 years, the Commission decides by a
unanimous vote not to continue the exception provided in subparagraph 3(b), it shall take a
decision pursuant to Article 13 of the Convention on the prolongation for a period of 10 years
after 1st January 2008 of the prohibition, after which another meeting of the Commission at
Ministerial level shall be held. Those Contracting Parties mentioned in subparagraph 3(b) of this
Article still wishing to retain the option mentioned in subparagraph 3(b) shall report to the
Commission meetings to be held at Ministerial level at two yearly intervals from 1999 onwards
about the progress in establishing alternative land-based options and on the results of scientific
studies which show that any potential dumping operations would not result in hazards to human
health, harm to living resources or marine ecosystems, damage to amenities or interference with
other legitimate uses of the sea.
ARTICLE 4
1. The Contracting Parties shall ensure that:
(a) no wastes or other matter listed in paragraph 2 of Article 3 of this Annex shall be dumped
without authorisation by their competent authorities, or regulation;
(b) such authorisation or regulation is in accordance with the relevant applicable criteria, guidelines
and procedures adopted by the Commission in accordance with Article 6 of this Annex;
(c) with the aim of avoiding situations in which the same dumping operation is authorised or
regulated by more than one Contracting Party, their competent authorities shall, as appropriate,
consult before granting an authorisation or applying regulation.
2. Any authorisation or regulation under paragraph 1 of this Article shall not permit the dumping of
vessels or aircraft containing substances which result or are likely to result in hazards to human health, harm
to living resources and marine ecosystems, damage to amenities or interference with other legitimate uses of
the sea.
3. Each Contracting Party shall keep, and report to the Commission records of the nature and the
quantities of wastes or other matter dumped in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article, and of the dates,
places and methods of dumping.

ARTICLE 5
No placement of matter in the maritime area for a purpose other than that for which it was originally
designed or constructed shall take place without authorisation or regulation by the competent authority of the
relevant Contracting Party. Such authorisation or regulation shall be in accordance with the relevant
applicable criteria, guidelines and procedures adopted by the Commission in accordance with Article 6 of
this Annex. This provision shall not be taken to permit the dumping of wastes or other matter otherwise
prohibited under this Annex.
ARTICLE 6
For the purposes of this Annex, it shall, inter alia, be the duty of the Commission to draw up and adopt
criteria, guidelines and procedures relating to the dumping of wastes or other matter listed in paragraph 2 of
Article 3, and to the placement of matter referred to in Article 5, of this Annex, with a view to preventing
and eliminating pollution.
ARTICLE 7
The provisions of this Annex concerning dumping shall not apply in case of force majeure, due to stress of
weather or any other cause, when the safety of human life or of a vessel or aircraft is threatened. Such
dumping shall be so conducted as to minimise the likelihood of damage to human or marine life and shall
immediately be reported to the Commission, together with full details of the circumstances and of the nature
and quantities of the wastes or other matter dumped.

ARTICLE 8
The Contracting Parties shall take appropriate measures, both individually and within relevant international
organisations, to prevent and eliminate pollution resulting from the abandonment of vessels or aircraft in the
maritime area caused by accidents. In the absence of relevant guidance from such international organisations,
the measures taken by individual Contracting Parties should be based on such guidelines as the Commission
may adopt.
ARTICLE 9
In an emergency, if a Contracting Party considers that wastes or other matter the dumping of which is
prohibited under this Annex cannot be disposed of on land without unacceptable danger or damage, it shall
forthwith consult other Contracting Parties with a view to finding the most satisfactory methods of storage or
the most satisfactory means of destruction or disposal under the prevailing circumstances. The Contracting
Party shall inform the Commission of the steps adopted following this consultation. The Contracting Parties
pledge themselves to assist one another in such situations.
ARTICLE 10
1. Each Contracting Party shall ensure compliance with the provisions of this Annex:
(a) by vessels or aircraft registered in its territory;
(b) by vessels or aircraft loading in its territory the wastes or other matter which are to be dumped
or incinerated;
(c) by vessels or aircraft believed to be engaged in dumping or incineration within its internal
waters or within its territorial sea or within that part of the sea beyond and adjacent to the
territorial sea under the jurisdiction of the coastal state to the extent recognised by international
law.
2. Each Contracting Party shall issue instructions to its maritime inspection vessels and aircraft and to
other appropriate services to report to its authorities any incidents or conditions in the maritime area which
give rise to suspicions that dumping in contravention of the provisions of the present Annex has occurred or
is about to occur. Any Contracting Party whose authorities receive such a report shall, if it considers it
appropriate, accordingly inform any other Contracting Party concerned.
3. Nothing in this Annex shall abridge the sovereign immunity to which certain vessels are entitled under
international law.

^{2 Sub-paragraph (f) was introduced by amendment to the Annex agreed by OSPAR 2007. The amendment will enter into force
for those Contracting Parties which have ratified, accepted or approved it on the thirtieth day after receipt by the Depositary
Government of notification of its ratification, acceptance or approval by at least seven Contracting Parties. Thereafter the
amendment will enter into force for any other Contracting Party on the thirtieth day after that Contracting Party has
deposited its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the amendment.
3 After the entry into force of OSPAR Decision 98/2 on Dumping of Radioactive Waste on 9 February 1999, subparagraphs
(b) and (c) of this paragraph ceased to have effect.}

ARTICLE 1
This Annex shall not apply to any deliberate disposal in the maritime area of:
(a) wastes or other matter from vessels or aircraft;
(b) vessels or aircraft.
ARTICLE 2
1. When adopting programmes and measures for the purpose of this Annex, the Contracting Parties shall
require, either individually or jointly, the use of:
(a) best available techniques
(b) best environmental practice
including, where appropriate, clean technology.
2. When setting priorities and in assessing the nature and extent of the programmes and measures and
their time scales, the Contracting Parties shall use the criteria given in Appendix 2.
ARTICLE 3
1. Any dumping of wastes or other matter from offshore installations is prohibited.
2. This prohibition does not relate to discharges or emissions from offshore sources.
⁴3. The prohibition referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article does not apply to carbon dioxide streams
from carbon dioxide capture processes for storage, provided
(a) disposal is into a sub-soil geological formation;
(b) the streams consist overwhelmingly of carbon dioxide. They may contain incidental associated
substances derived from the source material and the capture, transport and storage processes
used;
(c) no wastes or other matter are added for the purpose of disposing of those wastes or other matter;
(d) they are intended to be retained in these formations permanently and will not lead to significant
adverse consequences for the marine environment, human health and other legitimate uses of
the maritime area.
4. The Contracting Parties shall ensure that no streams referred to in paragraph 3 shall be disposed of in
sub-soil geological formations without authorisation or regulation by their competent authorities. Such
authorisation or regulation shall, in particular, implement the relevant applicable decisions, recommendations
and all other agreements adopted under the Convention.
ARTICLE 4
1. The use on, or the discharge or emission from, offshore sources of substances which may reach and
affect the maritime area shall be strictly subject to authorisation or regulation by the competent authorities of the Contracting Parties. Such authorisation or regulation shall, in particular, implement the relevant
applicable decisions, recommendations and all other agreements adopted under the Convention.
2. The competent authorities of the Contracting Parties shall provide for a system of monitoring and
inspection to assess compliance with authorisation or regulation as provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 4
of this Annex.
ARTICLE 5
1. No disused offshore installation or disused offshore pipeline shall be dumped and no disused offshore
installation shall be left wholly or partly in place in the maritime area without a permit issued by the
competent authority of the relevant Contracting Party on a case-by-case basis. The Contracting Parties shall
ensure that their authorities, when granting such permits, shall implement the relevant applicable decisions,
recommendations and all other agreements adopted under the Convention.
2. No such permit shall be issued if the disused offshore installation or disused offshore pipeline contains
substances which result or are likely to result in hazards to human health, harm to living resources and
marine ecosystems, damage to amenities or interference with other legitimate uses of the sea.
3. Any Contracting Party which intends to take the decision to issue a permit for the dumping of a
disused offshore installation or a disused offshore pipeline placed in the maritime area after 1st January 1998
shall, through the medium of the Commission, inform the other Contracting Parties of its reasons for
accepting such dumping, in order to make consultation possible.
4. Each Contracting Party shall keep, and report to the Commission, records of the disused offshore
installations and disused offshore pipelines dumped and of the disused offshore installations left in place in
accordance with the provisions of this Article, and of the dates, places and methods of dumping.
ARTICLE 6
Articles 3 and 5 of this Annex shall not apply in case of force majeure, due to stress of weather or any other
cause, when the safety of human life or of an offshore installation is threatened. Such dumping shall be so
conducted as to minimise the likelihood of damage to human or marine life and shall immediately be
reported to the Commission, together with full details of the circumstances and of the nature and quantities of
the matter dumped.
ARTICLE 7
The Contracting Parties shall take appropriate measures, both individually and within relevant international
organisations, to prevent and eliminate pollution resulting from the abandonment of offshore installations in
the maritime area caused by accidents. In the absence of relevant guidance from such international
organisations, the measures taken by individual Contracting Parties should be based on such guidelines as
the Commission may adopt.
ARTICLE 8
No placement of a disused offshore installation or a disused offshore pipeline in the maritime area for a
purpose other than that for which it was originally designed or constructed shall take place without
authorisation or regulation by the competent authority of the relevant Contracting Party. Such authorisation
or regulation shall be in accordance with the relevant applicable criteria, guidelines and procedures adopted
by the Commission in accordance with subparagraph (d) of Article 10 of this Annex. This provision shall not
be taken to permit the dumping of disused offshore installations or disused offshore pipelines in
contravention of the provisions of this Annex.
ARTICLE 9
1. Each Contracting Party shall issue instructions to its maritime inspection vessels and aircraft and to
other appropriate services to report to its authorities any incidents or conditions in the maritime area which give rise to suspicions that a contravention of the provisions of the present Annex has occurred or is about to
occur. Any Contracting Party whose authorities receive such a report shall, if it considers it appropriate,
accordingly inform any other Contracting Party concerned.
2. Nothing in this Annex shall abridge the sovereign immunity to which certain vessels are entitled under
international law.
ARTICLE 10
For the purposes of this Annex, it shall, inter alia, be the duty of the Commission:
(a) to collect information about substances which are used in offshore activities and, on the basis of
that information, to agree lists of substances for the purposes of paragraph 1 of Article 4 of this
Annex;
(b) to list substances which are toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate and to draw up plans
for the reduction and phasing out of their use on, or discharge from, offshore sources;
(c) to draw up criteria, guidelines and procedures for the prevention of pollution from dumping of
disused offshore installations and of disused offshore pipelines, and the leaving in place of
offshore installations, in the maritime area;
(d) to draw up criteria, guidelines and procedures relating to the placement of disused offshore
installations and disused offshore pipelines referred to in Article 8 of this Annex, with a view to
preventing and eliminating pollution.

^{4 Paragraphs 3 and 4 were introduced by amendment to the Annex agreed by OSPAR 2007. The amendment will enter into
force for those Contracting Parties which have ratified, accepted or approved it on the thirtieth day after receipt by the
Depositary Government of notification of its ratification, acceptance or approval by at least seven Contracting Parties.
Thereafter the amendment will enter into force for any other Contracting Party on the thirtieth day after that Contracting
Party has deposited its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the amendment.}

ARTICLE 1
1. For the purposes of this Annex "monitoring" means the repeated measurement of:
(a) the quality of the marine environment and each of its compartments, that is, water, sediments
and biota;
(b) activities or natural and anthropogenic inputs which may affect the quality of the marine
environment;
(c) the effects of such activities and inputs.
2. Monitoring may be undertaken either for the purposes of ensuring compliance with the Convention,
with the objective of identifying patterns and trends or for research purposes.
ARTICLE 2
For the purposes of this Annex, the Contracting Parties shall:
(a) cooperate in carrying out monitoring programmes and submit the resulting data to the
Commission;
(b) comply with quality assurance prescriptions and participate in intercalibration exercises;
(c) use and develop, individually or preferably jointly, other duly validated scientific assessment
tools, such as modelling, remote sensing and progressive risk assessment strategies;
(d) carry out, individually or preferably jointly, research which is considered necessary to assess the
quality of the marine environment, and to increase knowledge and scientific understanding of
the marine environment and, in particular, of the relationship between inputs, concentration and
effects;
(e) take into account scientific progress which is considered to be useful for such assessment
purposes and which has been made elsewhere either on the initiative of individual researchers
and research institutions, or through other national and international research programmes or
under the auspices of the European Economic Community or other regional economic
integration organisations.
ARTICLE 3
For the purposes of this Annex, it shall, inter alia, be the duty of the Commission:
(a) to define and implement programmes of collaborative monitoring and assessment-related
research, to draw up codes of practice for the guidance of participants in carrying out these
monitoring programmes and to approve the presentation and interpretation of their results;
(b) to carry out assessments taking into account the results of relevant monitoring and research and
the data relating to inputs of substances or energy into the maritime area which are provided by
virtue of other Annexes to the Convention, as well as other relevant information;
(c) to seek, where appropriate, the advice or services of competent regional organisations and other
competent international organisations and competent bodies with a view to incorporating the
latest results of scientific research;
(d) to cooperate with competent regional organisations and other competent international
organisations in carrying out quality status assessments.

^{5, 6, 7, 8}

ARTICLE 1
For the purposes of this Annex and of Appendix 3 the definitions of “biological diversity”, “ecosystem” and
“habitat” are those contained in the Convention on Biological Diversity of 5 June 1992.
ARTICLE 2
In fulfilling their obligation under the Convention to take, individually and jointly, the necessary measures to
protect the maritime area against the adverse effects of human activities so as to safeguard human health and
to conserve marine ecosystems and, when practicable, restore marine areas which have been adversely
affected, as well as their obligation under the Convention on Biological Diversity of 5 June 1992 to develop
strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, Contracting
Parties shall:
a. take the necessary measures to protect and conserve the ecosystems and the biological diversity
of the maritime area, and to restore, where practicable, marine areas which have been adversely
affected; and
b. cooperate in adopting programmes and measures for those purposes for the control of the human
activities identified by the application of the criteria in Appendix 3.
ARTICLE 3
1. For the purposes of this Annex, it shall inter alia be the duty of the Commission:
a. to draw up programmes and measures for the control of the human activities identified by the
application of the criteria in Appendix 3;
b. in doing so:
(i) to collect and review information on such activities and their effects on ecosystems and
biological diversity;

(ii) to develop means, consistent with international law, for instituting protective,
conservation, restorative or precautionary measures related to specific areas or sites or
related to particular species or habitats;
(iii) subject to Article 4 of this Annex, to consider aspects of national strategies and guidelines
on the sustainable use of components of biological diversity of the maritime area as they
affect the various regions and sub-regions of that area;
(iv) subject to Article 4 of this Annex, to aim for the application of an integrated ecosystem
approach.
c. also in doing so, to take account of programmes and measures adopted by Contracting Parties
for the protection and conservation of ecosystems within waters under their sovereignty or
jurisdiction.
2. In the adoption of such programmes and measures, due consideration shall be given to the question
whether any particular programme or measure should apply to all, or a specified part, of the maritime area.
ARTICLE 4
1. In accordance with the penultimate recital of the Convention, no programme or measure concerning a
question relating to the management of fisheries shall be adopted under this Annex. However where the
Commission considers that action is desirable in relation to such a question, it shall draw that question to the
attention of the authority or international body competent for that question. Where action within the
competence of the Commission is desirable to complement or support action by those authorities or bodies,
the Commission shall endeavour to cooperate with them.
2. Where the Commission considers that action under this Annex is desirable in relation to a question
concerning maritime transport, it shall draw that question to the attention of the International Maritime
Organisation. The Contracting Parties who are members of the International Maritime Organisation shall
endeavour to cooperate within that Organisation in order to achieve an appropriate response, including in
relevant cases that Organisation’s agreement to regional or local action, taking account of any guidelines
developed by that Organisation on the designation of special areas, the identification of particularly sensitive
areas or other matters.

_{5 Annex V was adopted under OSPAR Agreement 1998-15.1}

_{6 On the adoption of the new Annex V in 1998, Ministers also reached agreement on the meaning of certain concepts given in this new Annex V (see OSPAR Agreement 1998-15.2)}

_{7 In accordance with Article 15.5 of the Convention, Annex V and Appendix 3 has entered into force:}

• _{on 30 August 2000 for Finland, Spain, Switzerland, Luxembourg, European Community, United Kingdom and Denmark;}
• _{on 5 October 2000 for Sweden;}
• _{on 18 July 2001 for Iceland;}
• _{on 22 July 2001 for Norway;}
• _{on 24 August 2001 for the Netherlands;}
• _{on 13 January 2002 for Germany;}
• _{on 21 June 2003 for Ireland;}
• _{on 24 November 2004 for France;}
• _{on 28 August 2005 for Belgium;}
• _{on 25 March 2006 for Portugal.}

_{8 In a Note Verbale dated 26 July 2005, the Embassy of Great Britain in Paris informed the French Government that the British government wished to extend the ratification of Annex V and Appendix 3 to the Isle of Man.}

BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES
1. The use of the best available techniques shall emphasise the use of non-waste technology, if available.
2. The term "best available techniques" means the latest stage of development (state of the art) of
processes, of facilities or of methods of operation which indicate the practical suitability of a particular
measure for limiting discharges, emissions and waste. In determining whether a set of processes, facilities
and methods of operation constitute the best available techniques in general or individual cases, special
consideration shall be given to:
(a) comparable processes, facilities or methods of operation which have recently been successfully
tried out;
(b) technological advances and changes in scientific knowledge and understanding;
(c) the economic feasibility of such techniques;
(d) time limits for installation in both new and existing plants;
(e) the nature and volume of the discharges and emissions concerned.
3. It therefore follows that what is "best available techniques" for a particular process will change with
time in the light of technological advances, economic and social factors, as well as changes in scientific
knowledge and understanding.
4. If the reduction of discharges and emissions resulting from the use of best available techniques does
not lead to environmentally acceptable results, additional measures have to be applied.
5. "Techniques" include both the technology used and the way in which the installation is designed, built,
maintained, operated and dismantled.
BEST ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICE
6. The term "best environmental practice" means the application of the most appropriate combination of
environmental control measures and strategies. In making a selection for individual cases, at least the
following graduated range of measures should be considered:
(a) the provision of information and education to the public and to users about the environmental
consequences of choice of particular activities and choice of products, their use and ultimate
disposal;
(b) the development and application of codes of good environmental practice which covers all
aspect of the activity in the product's life;
(c) the mandatory application of labels informing users of environmental risks related to a product,
its use and ultimate disposal;
(d) saving resources, including energy;
(e) making collection and disposal systems available to the public;
(f) avoiding the use of hazardous substances or products and the generation of hazardous waste;
(g) recycling, recovery and re-use;
(h) the application of economic instruments to activities, products or groups of products;
(i) establishing a system of licensing, involving a range of restrictions or a ban.
7. In determining what combination of measures constitute best environmental practice, in general or
individual cases, particular consideration should be given to:
(a) the environmental hazard of the product and its production, use and ultimate disposal;
(b) the substitution by less polluting activities or substances;

(c) the scale of use;
(d) the potential environmental benefit or penalty of substitute materials or activities;
(e) advances and changes in scientific knowledge and understanding;
(f) time limits for implementation;
(g) social and economic implications.
8. It therefore follows that best environmental practice for a particular source will change with time in
the light of technological advances, economic and social factors, as well as changes in scientific knowledge
and understanding.
9. If the reduction of inputs resulting from the use of best environmental practice does not lead to
environmentally acceptable results, additional measures have to be applied and best environmental practice
redefined.

1. When setting priorities and in assessing the nature and extent of the programmes and measures and
their time scales, the Contracting Parties shall use the criteria given below:
(a) persistency;
(b) toxicity or other noxious properties;
(c) tendency to bioaccumulation;
(d) radioactivity;
(e) the ratio between observed or (where the results of observations are not yet available) predicted
concentrations and no observed effect concentrations;
(f) anthropogenically caused risk of eutrophication;
(g) transboundary significance;
(h) risk of undesirable changes in the marine ecosystem and irreversibility or durability of effects;
(i) interference with harvesting of sea-foods or with other legitimate uses of the sea;
(j) effects on the taste and/or smell of products for human consumption from the sea, or effects on
smell, colour, transparency or other characteristics of the water in the marine environment;
(k) distribution pattern (i.e., quantities involved, use pattern and liability to reach the marine
environment);
(l) non-fulfilment of environmental quality objectives.
2. These criteria are not necessarily of equal importance for the consideration of a particular substance or
group of substances.
3. The above criteria indicate that substances which shall be subject to programmes and measures
include:
(a) heavy metals and their compounds;
(b) organohalogen compounds (and substances which may form such compounds in the marine
environment);
(c) organic compounds of phosphorus and silicon;
(d) biocides such as pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, slimicides and chemicals used,
inter alia, for the preservation of wood, timber, wood pulp, cellulose, paper, hides and textiles;
(e) oils and hydrocarbons of petroleum origin;
(f) nitrogen and phosphorus compounds;
(g) radioactive substances, including wastes;
(h) persistent synthetic materials which may float, remain in suspension or sink.

1. The criteria to be used, taking into account regional differences, for identifying human activities for
the purposes of Annex V are:
a. the extent, intensity and duration of the human activity under consideration;
b. actual and potential adverse effects of the human activity on specific species, communities and
habitats;
c. actual and potential adverse effects of the human activity on specific ecological processes;
d. irreversibility or durability of these effects.
2. These criteria are not necessarily exhaustive or of equal importance for the consideration of a
particular activity.

Denmark's signature to the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East
Atlantic was accompanied by the following declaration⁷:
"The present Convention is subject to ratification and with reservation for application to the Faroe
Islands and Greenland."
The United Kingdom's signature to the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the
North-East Atlantic was accompanied by the following declaration:
"The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland declares its
understanding of the effect of the paragraph 3 of Article 3 of Annex II to the Convention to be
amongst other things that, where the Commission takes a decision pursuant to Article 13 of the
Convention, on the prolongation of the prohibition set out in subparagraph (3)(a), those Contracting
Parties who wish to retain the option of the exception to that prohibition as provided for in
subparagraph (3)(b) may retain that option, provided that they are not bound, under paragraph 2 of
Article 13, by that decision."

^{8 Following Denmark’s ratification of the OSPAR Convention, Denmark notified France as the Depository Government that
Denmark had withdrawn its reservation from the Declaration accompanying Denmark’s signature to the Convention.}

¹ UK notified the depositary government on 26 juillet 2005 that the coverage of Convention extended to Isle of Man

² Sub-paragraph (f) was introduced by amendment to the Annex agreed by OSPAR 2007. The amendment will enter into force for those Contracting Parties which have ratified, accepted or approved it on the thirtieth day after receipt by the Depositary Government of notification of its ratification, acceptance or approval by at least seven Contracting Parties. Thereafter the amendment will enter into force for any other Contracting Party on the thirtieth day after that Contracting Party has deposited its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the amendment.

³ After the entry into force of OSPAR Decision 98/2 on Dumping of Radioactive Waste on 9 February 1999, subparagraphs (b) and (c) of this paragraph ceased to have effect.

⁴ Paragraphs 3 and 4 were introduced by amendment to the Annex agreed by OSPAR 2007. The amendment will enter into force for those Contracting Parties which have ratified, accepted or approved it on the thirtieth day after receipt by the Depositary Government of notification of its ratification, acceptance or approval by at least seven Contracting Parties. Thereafter the amendment will enter into force for any other Contracting Party on the thirtieth day after that Contracting Party has deposited its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the amendment.

⁵ On the adoption of the new Annex V in 1998, Ministers also reached agreement on the meaning of certain concepts given in this new Annex V (see OSPAR Agreement 1998-15.2)

⁶ In accordance with Article 15.5 of the Convention, Annex V and Appendix 3 has entered into force:

 on 30 August 2000 for Finland, Spain, Switzerland, Luxembourg, European Community, United Kingdom and Denmark;

 on 5 October 2000 for Sweden;

 on 18 July 2001 for Iceland;  on 22 July 2001 for Norway;

 on 24 August 2001 for the Netherlands;

 on 13 January 2002 for Germany;

 on 21 June 2003 for Ireland;

 on 24 November 2004 for France;

 on 28 August 2005 for Belgium;

 on 25 March 2006 for Portugal.

⁷ In a Note Verbale dated 26 July 2005, the Embassy of Great Britain in Paris informed the French Government that the British government wished to extend the ratification of Annex V and Appendix 3 to the Isle of Man.

⁸ Following Denmark’s ratification of the OSPAR Convention, Denmark notified France as the Depository Government that Denmark had withdrawn its reservation from the Declaration accompanying Denmark’s signature to the Convention.